Drop Cable 1 Core

30+ years

Our factory was found in 1992, first start with coaxial cable which was one of the biggest manufacturers in lin'an city.In year of 2001 started focusing on the production of optical cables.

30+ countries

In year of 2008, set up international sales department and sale optical fiber cable to more than 30 countries and have 18 years` rich experience to export cables .

• Low-cost for mass application
• Strong environmental adaptability
• The fluted design makes it easy for stripping and splicing

• Transport/storage temperature: -40℃ to +60℃

• Standard reel length: 1km; other lengths are also available.

The delivery time for small batches of products is 7-15 days, for large batches it is 15-25 days. If there is an urgent need, please inform us in advance, and we will try our best to coordinate during production.

FTTH drop cable-Ink printing

Flat cable-Plasma pringting

Outdoor cable GYTC8S-Iron printing

Jumper cable- SC/UPC-SC/APC

GYTC8S 24 core -wooden drum

FTTH cable-1km drum

FTTH cable-carton packing

Patch cords-Pallet package

 

 

Patch cords in Pallet delivery

FTTH cable in cartons packing

Flat cable in plywood drum package

Composite drum full loaded into contianer

Solid wooden drum loading photo

 

 

What are the factors that cause noise in optical communication systems?
Answer: There are noises caused by suboptimal extinction ratio, random changes in light intensity, noise caused by time jitter, point noise and thermal noise of the receiver, mode noise of the fiber, pulse broadening caused by dispersion resulting in pulse spreading, noise caused by the mode distribution of the LD, noise caused by frequency chirp of the LD, and noise caused by reflection.

What are the main types of optical fibers currently used in transmission network construction? What are their main characteristics?
Answer: There are three types: G.652 conventional single-mode fiber, G.653 dispersion-shifted single-mode fiber, and G.655 non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber.
G.652 single-mode fiber has a large dispersion in the C-band 1530-1565nm and L-band 1565-1625nm, generally 17-22 psnm•km. When the system rate reaches 2.5 Gbit/s or above, dispersion compensation is required. At 10 Gbit/s, the system dispersion compensation cost is relatively high. It is currently the most commonly used type of fiber in transmission networks.
G.653 dispersion-shifted fiber has a dispersion of -1 to 3.5 psnm•km in the C-band and L-band at 1550nm. The system rate can reach 20 Gbit/s and 40 Gbit/s. It is the best fiber for single-wavelength ultra-long-distance transmission. However, due to its zero dispersion characteristic, nonlinear effects occur when using DWDM expansion, resulting in signal crosstalk and four-wave mixing (FWM). Therefore, it is not suitable for DWDM.
G.655 non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber: G.655 non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber has a dispersion of 1-6 psnm•km in the C-band and 6-10 psnm•km in the L-band. The dispersion is small, avoiding the zero dispersion zone, which suppresses four-wave mixing (FWM) and can be used for DWDM expansion. It can also be used for high-speed systems. The new G.655 fiber can expand the effective area to 1.5-2 times that of ordinary fibers, reducing power density and reducing nonlinear effects in the fiber.

What is fiber nonlinearity?
Answer: It refers to the fact that when the input optical power exceeds a certain value, the refractive index of the fiber will be nonlinearly related to the optical power, and Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering will occur, causing the frequency of the incident light to change.

What effects does fiber nonlinearity have on transmission?
Answer: Nonlinear effects cause additional losses and interference, deteriorating the performance of the system. WDM systems have a large optical power and transmit over long distances along the fiber, so nonlinear distortion occurs. Nonlinear distortion has two types: stimulated scattering and nonlinear refraction. Stimulated scattering includes Raman scattering and Brillouin scattering. These two types of scattering reduce the energy of the incident light, causing loss. It can be ignored when the input optical power is small.

What is PON (Passive Optical Network)?
Answer: PON is a fiber loop optical network in the local user access network. It is based on passive optical components such as couplers and splitters. Various reasons causing fiber attenuation include:The main factors causing fiber attenuation include: intrinsic, bending, compression, impurities, unevenness and splicing, etc.
Intrinsic: This is the inherent loss of the fiber, including Rayleigh scattering and inherent absorption, etc.
Bending: When the fiber bends, some of the light in the fiber will be lost due to scattering, resulting in attenuation.
Compression: The fiber experiences a small curvature due to compression, causing attenuation.
Impurities: The impurities in the fiber absorb and scatter the light propagating in the fiber, causing loss.
Unevenness: The loss caused by the uneven refractive index of the fiber material.
Splicing: The loss caused when the fibers are spliced, such as: different axes (the coaxiality requirement for single-mode fibers is less than 0.8 μm), the end face is not perpendicular to the axis, the end face is not flat, the mismatch of the splicing inner diameter and the poor quality of fusion splicing, etc.
When light enters the fiber from one end and exits from the other end, the intensity of the light will weaken. This means that after the light signal propagates through the fiber, a part of the light energy is attenuated. This indicates that there are certain substances or for some reason, blocking the light signal from passing through. This is the transmission loss of the fiber. Only by reducing the fiber loss can the light signal flow smoothly without obstruction.
2. Classification of fiber loss
Fiber loss can be roughly divided into the inherent loss of the fiber and the additional loss caused by the usage conditions after the fiber is manufactured. The specific classification is as follows:
Fiber loss can be divided into inherent loss and additional loss.
Inherent loss includes scattering loss, absorption loss and loss caused by the imperfect structure of the fiber.
Additional loss includes micro-bending loss, bending loss and splicing loss.
Among them, additional loss is caused by human factors during the laying of the fiber. In practical applications, it is inevitable to connect the fibers one by one, and fiber connections will cause loss. Fiber micro-bending, compression, stretching force will also cause loss. These are all losses caused by the usage conditions of the fiber. The main reason is that under these conditions, the transmission mode in the fiber core has changed. Additional loss can be avoided as much as possible. Next, we only discuss the inherent loss of the fiber.
Inherent loss, scattering loss and absorption loss are determined by the properties of the fiber material itself, and the inherent loss caused by different working wavelengths is also different. Understanding the mechanism of loss generation and quantitatively analyzing the size of the loss caused by various factors is of extremely important significance for the development of low-loss fibers and the rational use of fibers.
3. Absorption loss of materials
The materials used to manufacture fibers can absorb light energy. After the particles in the fiber material absorb light energy, they vibrate and heat up, and dissipate the energy, thus generating absorption loss. We know that matter is composed of atoms and molecules, and atoms are composed of atomic nuclei and electrons outside the nucleus. The electrons rotate around the atomic nucleus in certain orbits. This is like the Earth and planets such as Venus and Mars orbiting the Sun, each electron has a certain energy and is in a certain orbit, or each orbit has a definite energy level.
The energy level closer to the atomic nucleus is lower, and the energy level farther from the atomic nucleus is higher. The difference in energy levels between these orbits is called the energy level difference. When an electron in a certain energy level is irradiated by light with a wavelength corresponding to that energy level difference, the electron in the lower energy level orbit will transition to the higher energy level orbit. This electron absorbs the corresponding energy level difference of the wavelength of the light, and thus generates light absorption loss.
The basic material for manufacturing fibers, silicon dioxide (SiO2), itself absorbs light. One is called ultraviolet absorption, and the other is called infrared absorption. Currently, fiber communication generally operates in the wavelength range of 0.8 to 1.6 μm, so we only discuss the loss in this working range.
The absorption peaks generated by electron transitions in quartz glass are around 0.1 to 0.2 μm in the ultraviolet region. As the wavelength increases, the absorption effect gradually decreases, but the affected range is very wide, until wavelengths above 1 μm. However, the ultraviolet absorption has little effect on quartz optical fibers operating in the infrared region. For example, in the visible light region at 0.6 μm wavelength, ultraviolet absorption can reach 1 dB/km, and at 0.8 μm wavelength, it drops to 0.2 - 0.3 dB/km, while at 1.2 μm wavelength, it is approximately only 0.1 dB/km.
The infrared absorption loss of quartz optical fibers is caused by the molecular vibrations of materials in the infrared region. There are several vibration absorption peaks in the 2 μm band.
Due to the influence of various dopant elements in the optical fiber, quartz optical fibers cannot have a low-loss window in the 2 μm band above. The theoretical limit loss at 1.85 μm wavelength is 1 dB/km.
Through research, it has also been found that there are some "troublemakers" in quartz glass, mainly some harmful transition metal impurities such as copper, iron, chromium, and manganese. These "bad guys" greedily absorb light energy and jump around, causing the loss of light energy. Removing the "troublemakers" and performing chemical purification of the materials for manufacturing optical fibers can significantly reduce the loss.
Another absorption source in quartz optical fibers is hydroxide (OH⁻). The research on this has found that there are three absorption peaks of hydroxide in the working wavelength band of the optical fiber, which are 0.95 μm, 1.24 μm, and 1.38 μm. Among them, the absorption loss at 1.38 μm wavelength is the most serious and has the greatest impact on the optical fiber. At 1.38 μm wavelength, the absorption peak loss caused by hydrogen oxide with a content of only 0.0001 is as high as 33 dB/km.
Where do these hydrogen oxides come from? The sources of hydrogen oxides are many. One is that there is water and hydroxides in the materials for manufacturing optical fibers, and these hydroxides are not easily removed during the purification process of the raw materials and remain in the optical fiber in the form of hydrogen oxides; the second is that the hydrogen oxides used for manufacturing optical fibers contain a small amount of water; the third is that water is generated during the manufacturing process of the optical fiber due to chemical reactions; the fourth is that water vapor from the outside air enters. However, the current manufacturing process has developed to a very high level, and the content of hydrogen oxides has been reduced to a sufficiently low level, so its impact on the optical fiber can be ignored.
4. Scattering Loss
At night, when shining a flashlight into the air, one can see a beam of light. People have also seen large light beams emitted by searchlights in the night sky.
Then, why do we see these light beams? This is because there are many tiny particles such as smoke and dust floating in the atmosphere. When light shines on these particles, scattering occurs, and it is emitted in all directions. This phenomenon was first discovered by Rayleigh, so this scattering is named "Rayleigh scattering".

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