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In optical fiber cables, steel tape and steel wire are two of the most commonly used metal reinforcement/armor materials. They have clearly defined functions and perform specific roles to jointly ensure the safe operation of the optical cable in various harsh environments.

The Role of Steel Tape: Steel tape, typically double-sided plastic-coated steel tape (PSP), is wrapped around the cable core in a longitudinal or wrapping manner. Its main functions include:

The optical cable incorporates multiple protective features: rigid steel tape provides side pressure protection against soil compression, stones, and vehicle loads, safeguarding the optical fibers from deformation. A bonded plastic layer on the steel tape forms a radial waterproof barrier, combined with internal water-blocking materials for comprehensive moisture resistance. The steel tape's hard surface deters rodents and insects from causing damage. It also reinforces the loose tube to prevent deformation during use and functions as an electromagnetic shield to reduce external interference.

The Role of Steel Wires:

Steel wires in optical cables play essential roles: they provide tensile strength to withstand axial tension during installation and use, preventing fiber stretching and attenuation. They also enhance structural rigidity by offering longitudinal support, maintaining stability, and preventing deformation. In designs like GYXTY, multiple phosphated steel wires wrapped around the tube offer stronger rodent protection than steel tape. Additionally, steel wires share the cable's weight in overhead installations, preventing excessive sag from wind and ice loads.

Typical Optical Cable Configurations:

GYXTW (Central Loose Tube Light Armored): Structure includes optical fiber, loose tube, water-blocking tape, PSP steel tape for lateral pressure and moisture protection, parallel steel wires for tensile strength; steel tape and steel wires work together.

GYXTY (Rodent-Proof Duct Optical Cable): Similar structure but uses multiple twisted steel wires instead of steel tape, providing stronger rodent resistance along with tensile and lateral pressure resistance.

GYTA53/GYXTY53 (Double Armored): Combines PSP steel tape longitudinal wrapping and PE outer sheath with steel wire wrapping, creating a double armor layer with excellent tensile, compressive, and rodent-proof performance for harsh environments.

For lateral pressure applications (e.g., direct burial, pipeline laying): use optical cables with steel strips.

For axial tension applications (e.g., overhead, shaft, slope): use optical cables with steel wires.

For areas with severe rodent infestation: choose optical cables with steel wire wrapping.

For extremely harsh environments (e.g., seabed, heavy ice): use steel strip + steel wire composite armored cables.

For areas requiring lightning protection or strong electromagnetic interference resistance: use all-dielectric optical cables (with FRP instead of metal components, e.g., GYFTY).

💡 Tip: Steel strips and wires are metallic conductors. Near power lines or in lightning-prone areas, proper grounding is essential. For strict lightning protection and electromagnetic compatibility, opt for all-dielectric cables using FRP to replace metal parts.